- void setup() void loop()
CONTROL STRUCTURES
- if (x<5){ } else { }
- for (int i=0 ; i<=255 ; i++) { }
- while (x<5){ }
- do { } while (x<5);
- continue; // go to next in do/ for/ while loop
- return x; // or 'return;' for voids
- goto
- // (single line comment)
- /* (multi line comment) */
- #define ledPin 3;
- #include
- = (assignment operator)
- + (addition)
- - (substraction)
- * (multiplication)
- / (division)
- % (modulo)
- == (equal to)
- != (not equal to)
- < (less than)
- > (greater than)
- && (and)
- || (or)
- ! (not)
COMPOUND OPERATORS
- ++ (increment)
- -- (decrement)
- += (compound addition)
- -= (compound substraction)
- *= (compound multiplication)
- /= (compound division)
- &= (compound bitwise and)
- |= (compound bitwise or)
- & (reference operator)
- * (dereference operator)
- HIGH LOW
- INPUT OUPUT
- TRUE FALSE
- 143 (decimal number)
- 0173 (octal number)
- B11011111 (binary 8-bit)
- 0x7 (hex number)
- 7U (force unsigned)
- 10L (force long)
- 15UL (force long unsigned)
- 10.0 (force floating point)
- 2.4e5 (245000)
- void
- boolean (0, 1, false, true)
- char (e.g. 'a' -128 to127 =256 chars)
- unsigned char (0 to 255)
- byte (0 to 255)
- int (-32,768 to 32,767)
- unsigned int (0 to 65535)
- word (0 to 65535)
- long (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647)
- unsigned long (0 to 4,294,967,295)
- float (-3,4028235E+38 to 3,4028235E+38)
- double (same as float)
- sizeof(variable) (variable= e.g. int, float, byte)
- char S1[15];
- char S2[8]={'a','r','d','u','i','n', 'o'};
- char S3[8]={'a','r','d','u','i','n', 'o','\0'}; (0 null termination)
- char S4[]="arduino";
- char S5[8]="arduino";
- char S6[15]="arduino";
- int myInts[6];
- int myPins[]={2, 4, 8, 3, 6};
- int mySensVals[6]={2, 4, -8, 3, 2};
CONVERSION
- char()
- int()
- long()
- byte()
- word()
- float()
QUALIFIERS
- static (perisists between calls)
- volatile (load the variable from RAM)
- const (make read-only)
- progmem (use flash)
DIGITAL I/O
- pinMode (pin,INPUT/OUTPUT);
- digitalWrite (pin, value);
- int digitalRead (pin);
ANALOG I/O
- analogReference (DEFAULT / INTERNAL / EXTERNAL);
- int analogRead (pin);
- int analogWrite (pin, value); (PWM)
ADVANCED I/O
- tone (pin, freq);
- tone (pin, freq, duration);
- noTone (pin);
- shiftOut (dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST/ LSBFIRST, value);
- unsigned long pulseIn (pin, HIGH/ LOW);
TIME
- unsigned long millis();
- unsigned long micros();
- delay ();
MATH
- min (x, y) Calculates the minimum of two numbers
- max (x, y) Calculates the maximum of two numbers
- abs (x); Computes the absolute value of a number
- constrain (x, minval, maxval) Constrains a number to be within a range
- map (val, fromL, fromH, toL, toH)
- pow (base, exponent)
- sqrt (x)
- sin (rad)
- cos (rad)
- tan (rad)
RANDOM NUMBERS
- randomSeed (seed)
- long random (max)
- long random (min, max)
BITS AND BYTES
- lowByte()
- highByte()
- bitRead (x, bitn)
- bitWrite (x, bitn, bit)
- bitSet (x, bitn)
- bitClear (x, bitn)
- bit (bitn) (0=LSB & 7=MSB)
EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
- attachInterrupt (interrupt, function, LOW/ CHANGE/ RISING/ FALLING)
- detachInterrupt (interrupt)
- interrupts()
- noInterrupts
LIBRARIES
EEPROM
- EEPROM(#include
) - byte read (intADDR)
- byte write (int, ADDR, myByte)
SERVO
SOFTWAR SERIAL
WIRE
